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blotchy swellshark
The blotchy swellshark, or Japanese swellshark, (''Cephaloscyllium umbratile'') is a common species of catshark, belonging to the family Scyliorhinidae. The Blotchy swellshark is found at depths of in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, from Japan to Taiwan. It is benthic in nature and favors rocky reefs. Reaching in length, this thick-bodied shark has a broad head, large mouth, and two unequally-sized dorsal fins positioned far back past the pelvic fins. It can be identified by its dorsal coloration, consisting of seven brown "saddles" and extensive darker mottling on a light tan background. This species has often been confounded with the draughtsboard shark (''C. isabellum'') and the Sarawak pygmy swellshark (''C. sarawakensis'') in scientific literature.
Voracious and opportunistic in feeding habits, the blotchy swellshark is known to consume numerous types of fishes and invertebrates, including an unusually high diversity of cartilaginous fishes. Like other ''Cephaloscyllium'' species, it is capable of rapidly inflating its body as a defense against predators. This species is oviparous, with females laying encapsulated eggs two at a time. There is no well-defined breeding season and reproduction occurs year-round. The eggs hatch after approximately one year. The blotchy swellshark is harmless and fares well in captivity. It is caught as bycatch in commercial bottom trawls, though its population does not seem to have suffered from fishing activity. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) presently lacks sufficient information to assess its conservation status.
==Taxonomy==
American ichthyologists David Starr Jordan and Henry Weed Fowler described the blotchy swellshark in a 1903 volume of ''Proceedings of the United States National Museum'', based on a long stuffed dry skin originally obtained from Nagasaki, Japan. They gave it the specific epithet ''umbratile'' (from the Latin ''umbratilis'', meaning "shaded") and assigned it to the genus ''Cephaloscyllium''.〔
The taxonomy of the blotchy swellshark has a history of confusion.〔 The holotype dried skin could not be located when shark expert Stewart Springer prepared his 1979 review of the catsharks, and in its absence he synonymized ''C. umbratile'' with ''C. isabellum'' on the basis of "inconclusive morphometric differences".〔 Some authors followed Springer's judgment while others, particularly in Japan, preferred to keep referring to ''C. umbratile''.〔 The taxonomy of this species was further muddled by the application of the name ''C. umbratile'' to a similar but smaller species sharing part of its range. This second species, once referred to as "pseudo-''umbratile''" by Leonard Compagno, has since been identified as ''C. sarawakensis''. Recently, the holotype was found again, and in 2008 ''Cephaloscyllium umbratile'' was re-described as distinct from ''C. isabellum'' by Jayna Schaaf-Da Silva and David Ebert.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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